Frederick Lee Brooke: Writing in English, Dreaming in German

I?m so pleased to welcome Frederick Lee Brooke to the blog today. Frederick is a friend, a fellow author, and a blogger and has been an immense support to me and to many others. I was fascinated by Fred?s post when he sent it through, and I hope you will be too!

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by Frederick Lee Brooke

When I was five years old, my mom enrolled my sister and me in a French course. She thought it would be a good skill for us in the future. There were four little kids in this class, and beyond a few childish dialogs, we mostly spent the time running around in the teacher?s yard and jumping over the hedges.

Who knows? Maybe it gave me an ear for languages, after all. Like a lot of college kids, I spent my junior year abroad, in my case Germany. Five years after graduating from college I returned to Europe, and I?ve been here ever since. I lived for one year in France, another year in southern Germany, then a couple of years in Z?rich, Switzerland. For the last 19 years I?ve lived in Basel, Switzerland.

I?ve often wondered how living over here, and being surrounded by foreign languages, might be affecting my writing.

You may be aware that Switzerland is a country with four official languages: German (yellow area), French (violet), Italian (green), and a strange language spoken by only 60?000 people in the mountains called Rhaeto Romanisch (pink). All four languages are printed on the money. See the different variations on the 20 Swiss Franc note below. There are TV stations with programs in each of these languages. Newspapers left on the train will often be in the wrong language, because the person who left it there got on in a different part of the country.

This creates a lot of interesting and chaotic situations, not only for tourists but also for the Swiss. All Swiss people have to learn two foreign languages in school. In the German-speaking part of the country, they have to learn French, while in the French-speaking part of the country they have to learn German. With the result that many of them learn these languages badly. In the business world, when a German-Swiss does business with a French-Swiss, they therefore often settle on English so that neither one has the advantage.

My wife is Swiss, but her native language is Italian. She comes from the Italian-speaking part of the country. So she has always spoken Italian with our kids, while I always speak English with them. Their school language was mostly German. So we have the same three-ring language circus at home that exists everywhere in Switzerland.

When I came to Europe, I was an English teacher. I taught English for a total of seven years, before becoming the manager of a language school. Many famous writers have been English teachers, including James Joyce and JK Rowling. As an English teacher, you immerse yourself in the grammar, vocabulary, and the expressions of our great language. Between the time spent preparing your lessons, teaching, and correcting homework, every moment of the day is an English language moment.

As manager of the language school, all that changed. I was responsible for selling courses to customers, most of whom were local, German-speaking people who wanted to learn English, or another language, like French. I had to speak German to them. I had to write letters and emails and offers in German. I had to deal with local suppliers, organize insurance, talk to bookkeepers and carpet cleaners and fire inspectors, all in German. As school manager 90% of my work was in German.

When you learn a language, you cross a language border. This can be very enriching, giving insight into words and their meanings, leading to ideas and images. It can also be a frustrating experience, as you are forced to accept that different languages handle communication chores in different ways. Gaps in understanding occur frequently. I have a lot of experience with gaps in understanding!

In my books I like to explore what happens when people misunderstand each other, using words. Husbands and wives ? people who work together. Words are a tool we use to communicate meaning, but the meanings are slippery, sometimes intentionally. Max Vinyl, the recycling king, is very adept at charming his environmentalist girlfriend, Tris, until the day she discovers he?s actually dumping computer waste in Lake Michigan. In my second book, Zombie Candy, Larry Roach is an example of a zombified cheating husband ? his brain is on auto-pilot, and it?s driving his wife, Candace, right up the wall.

Living abroad sometimes leaves me feeling out of touch with true American language, the way people really speak. You can?t get this from newspapers or TV shows. So when I am back in Chicago I am an incorrigible eavesdropper on the commuter train, at Starbucks, in line at Wal-Mart. Our books live or die on the trueness of the dialogue. Somehow it?s enough for me.

Writing in English, even as people are speaking Italian or German or some other language in the background, has never been a problem. And when I?m working on a scene that is set where I grew up near Chicago, I?m there in my mind and all my soul. It?s a way of escaping there, returning to where I come from, almost like taking a little trip back to my childhood.

Have you ever learned another language, or lived in another country? How did it affect the way you use English?

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About Frederick Lee Brooke

Born and raised in the Chicago area, Frederick Lee Brooke graduated from Amherst College and studied writing at the University of Montana. He has worked as an English teacher, language school manager and small business owner. Having lived in Germany, France and Switzerland, he has also travelled extensively in Tuscany, the setting of part of Zombie Candy. The first book in the Annie Ogden series, Doing Max Vinyl, appeared in 2011 to wide acclaim.

Frederick Lee Brooke has worked as an English teacher, language school manager and small business owner and has travelled extensively in Italy, the setting of part of Zombie Candy.

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About Doing Max Vinyl

Earth first. Okay, maybe second. Third? She?ll KILL you!

Max Vinyl?s type of success story can only happen in America. Rising from humble beginnings, he has reached the height of the computer recycling racket. Problem is, he?s using Lake Michigan as his own personal profit center. Even that wouldn?t have been a problem if his environmentalist girlfriend Tris hadn?t found out his dirty secret. And while Max is devastated by his love crashing down around him, he?s about to learn that the rage of a woman scorned packs far more firepower and potential for destruction than he had ever imagined.

Iraq War veteran Annie Ogden has spent three tormented months living in a cabin alone trying to re-discover her purpose in life. When two of Max?s thugs threaten Annie?s sister, she is dragged into his corrupt world in an unwitting alliance with the environmentalist, Tris. Which is really lousy news for Max. Will he hold up under the coordinated attacks of two furious women? As things spin completely out of control and complications mount, it?s all Max can do to stay one step ahead until it?s all he can do to stay alive!

A farce full of hysterics and chicanery, Frederick Lee Brooke?s first installment of the Annie Ogden mysteries is an incisive examination of corporate lunacy, greed and modern disconnection. Having received multiple four and five-star reviews on Amazon and Goodreads.com, Doing Max Vinyl: An Annie Ogden Mystery is loaded with razor-sharp dialogue, ingenious plotting and so much fun it should be illegal!

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About Zombie Candy

You know early on, from the color of the inappropriate bra in the opening scene, that Zombie Candy is going to be a black comedy. Most people could sympathize with the male obsession for sex and zombie movies, but who would put up with a husband who doused every dish with cilantro?

Frederick Lee Brooke serves up another literary treat with this bizarre and comical tale of love and betrayal. Candace Roach enlists her best friend Annie Ogden (our favorite sleuth from Doing Max Vinyl) to find out what her husband is really up to on his weekly business trips ? but their home-cooked aversion therapy gets out of hand and hurtles along an astonishing highway of the undead.

Home from Iraq but unsure about her future, Annie Ogden isn?t your typical woman sleuth. Her best friend, Candace Roach ? gourmet cooking instructor, owner of a house in Tuscany ? isn?t your typical wronged woman either. Candace teaches gourmet cooking, and loves nothing more than orchestrating a four-course meal full of flavorful surprises and artistic touches. A selection of her recipes is found in an appendix to the book.

But with each shocking discovery in the investigation of her husband, the friendship between Candace and Annie is further put to the test. Candace ultimately takes matters into her own hands and, in an elaborate ruse, stages a nightmarish zombie drama in which her husband plays the starring role.

Weaving elements of mystery, horror and romance in a story that starts in Chicago and ends in a quaint medieval town in sun-drenched Tuscany, Zombie Candy transcends any single genre. Embark on a journey that will tickle your taste buds and wake up your funny bone. What are you waiting for?

Amazon

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Please note, the views of the post author ? and indeed anyone who guest posts on The Art and Craft of Writing Creatively ? are not necessarily indicative of the views of Terri Giuliano Long and comments are moderated to filter spam/profanity only.?Censorship always defeats its own purpose, for it creates in the end the kind of society that is incapable of exercising real discretion.?
Henry Steele Commager

Related posts:

1. English Author Elle Amberley Discusses Writing & Her Writing Journey
2. Indie Sunday: Robin Waldrop Discusses Lessons During her Writing Journey
3. Cynthia Harrison: The Rules of Romance Writing
4. A Grove and Its Roots: Editor-Writer Relations by Jeff Hanson
5. Novel Writing ? Blurring the Lines Between Fiction & Truth

Source: http://terriglong.com/blog/2012/09/frederick-lee-brooke-writing-in-english-dreaming-in-german/

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Article Promotion ? Options for Business Phone Systems

Posted on September 3rd, 2012 by Xander Davenport

by Xander Davenport

Whatever your business is, you want a business telephone system. Regardless of how well-liked mails became recently the telephone system is still one of the finest methods to communicate. Customers find relief in the opportunity for real time communication using the telephone system.

Subscribing to a business telephone system is still one of the best investments any business can start on. Service companies have understood this and over a period have attempted to innovate deliver the best and state-of-the-art business telephone system for you. Here are some of the most well liked kinds of business phone systems to choose from.

Keyless Systems (KSU-less)

The Keyless Systems is best fit for smaller scale businesses with less than 10 staff. This is the least expensive of business phone systems available now. However , expansion is restricted with this sort of telephone system since it offers only the most easy features of telephone service and can support an upper limit of four telephone lines only. The system will allow the telephones to be transferred in the event you switch your office.

Key Systems (KSU)

The Key systems work the best for enterprises with 10 to 40 employees. This is the most traditional of all business phone systems. It addresses the basic telephone necessities of a small business but can be expanded when wanted. The system is really capable of supporting multiple telephone lines.

Non-public Branch Exchange Systems (PBX)

The Non-public Branch Exchange Systems is the hottest of all business phone systems. A telecoms provider is required to install the system making it one of the most costly systems available. It has the latest features and is intensely flexible. It is more preferred for companies that plan to grow.

Voice- Over Web Protocol Systems (VoIP)

The Voice-Over Internet Protocol Systems works next to all business sizes. It is system that carries the telephone and Internet connection in bundle. The system is compact. It is highly affordable considering the features it offers.

Whatever are the telephone wants of your business, there?s a business telephone system available for you.

An online business directory is exceedingly useful in finding a business telephone system.

For more articles visit ArticleDistribution.Org

Filed under: Communications

Source: http://articlepromotion.org/blog/?p=104018

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Self Publishing with Podcasts ? Great Way to Get Message Across ...

Self Publishing with Podcasts ? Great Way to Get Message Across, Says James Schramko

James Schramko ? Internet Marketing Expert

Sydney, Australia (PRWEB) July 27, 2011

Just yesterday, Aussie entrepreneur James Schramko and podcast partner Tim Reid released the 19th episode of the number one internet marketing podcast in Australia (as rated by iTunes). James and Tim formed what they call Freedom Ocean a few months back ? the banner under which they broadcast a wide range of internet marketing topics to their listeners. James, whose passion lies in experimenting with all things internet marketing, says podcasting is a fantastic addition to online marketing strategies. He explains further:

?Podcasting on Freedom Ocean has been a fun ride for both Tim and I. We get to talk about what we love, which is internet marketing, and share some of the things we?ve learned along the way with our listeners. We?ve been getting awesome feedback, and that alone is satisfying enough to keep us going.?

A report on news.bbc.co.uk suggested that podcasts are once again gaining popularity. Combination of the words iPod and broadcasts, Podcasts were originally intended to revolutionize broadcast radio back in 2005. And indeed it has. The demand for timeslots on commercial radio stations have forced innovators to come up with creative ways to get their shows on the air, and with podcasts on the internet, they?re able to reach people far beyond the regular broadcast range, as James will explain in a moment.

Comedian Ricky Gervais, as further stated by the report, is one of the pioneers in podcasting back in 2005 who first set a world record of over 4.5 million downloads within a two-month time frame. The popularity of podcasts seemed to have dropped in recent years however, as social media like Facebook and Twitter became the new broadcasting systems over the internet. Schramko believes that a combination of both social media and podcasts could significantly boost internet marketing efforts. He says:

?You literally can create your own radio show, and the fantastic thing about it is that you can gain a much larger audience over the internet than over a local radio station. The equipment you?ll need to pull this off isn?t expensive; a trusty computer and a decent microphone will do and most households today are already equipped with these. A hot topic coupled with some editing skills, entrepreneurs can really take advantage of this to leverage their businesses.?

Another advantage of podcasting over traditional radio broadcasts is less restrictions on topics, says Schramko, as well as not having time restrictions that could cut off the show in the middle of a meaningful discussion ? as is often the case on live radio.

?You can talk to your audience directly, and they have the option to rewind and replay whenever and wherever they are. Portable devices are huge these days. We?ve been getting new and unique visitors to our business websites through our podcasts. Business owners looking to reach a larger market should definitely have a go at this. ? Tim and I are having a blast.? -James Schramko

Episode 19 of Freedom Ocean talks about Web Hosting and is available for download free of charge at http://www.FreedomOcean.com and iTunes.

About Freedom Ocean

Collaboration of The Ideas Guy, Tim Reid and internet marketing expert James Schramko. Together they tackle some of the hottest topics in online marketing, with Tim posing a million questions and James providing a million answers. Podcasts can be streamed or downloaded at http://www.FreedomOcean.com or iTunes.

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Vocus, PRWeb, and Publicity Wire are trademarks or registered trademarks of Vocus, Inc. or Vocus PRW Holdings, LLC.

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Source: http://techoffersdirect.com/gadget-deals/self-publishing-with-podcasts-great-way-to-get-message-across-says-james-schramko.html

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Homeschooling Your Family's State History

As homeschoolers, sometimes we have to deal with things called regulations. Some of these state regulations regarding homeschooling dictate subjects that must be taught in the school year. State history is often one of those. Consider making the subject more unique by homeschooling your family history alongside your state?s history.

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Those Who Want to Study State History

1924 by the WCTU Social Committee

Sometimes people actually get excited about learning the history of their state. (Who knew, right?) If you are one of those weirdo people like me, integrating your family history is just going to make the subject even more fun. When you are studying your family?s history, look for unique historical events that happened in the area. For example, Ohio was a hotbed of prohibition activity. Women across the state were calling for others to join them in the Temperance Movement. This article shares a story of women who marched through the town of Hillsboro, Ohio in support of the movement. ?Highland County is where my family originated in the state, and I would have had several generations of women alive during this period right there in Hillsboro! How interesting would it be for my daughter to search for her ancestors in local papers as they depict the story of women marching up and down Main Street? It would no longer be a story of the Temperance Movement but instead the story of her third great grandmother! The research process would also give her very good insight to the community at the time as we learn about the reactions and participation throughout the county in events such as this. It also connects our state to our nation?s history as well. By searching for a unique historical event in our family?s history, we have now introduced local, state, and national history. And, it was fun!

Looking for an easy way to integrate these pieces? While you are researching, consider creating a timeline. Study family history and state history side by side, and see if any dates and locations match those you have in your family tree. Your ancestors may have participated in the events of the time. This will give you a wonderful way to understand your state history as a part of the lives of individuals rather than as a disconnected subject.

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Those Who Have to Study State History

copyright Pontus Edenberg

You may be on this team if you really would rather have to learn anything but the history of your state. Fear not! It can be fun! Here are some ideas:

1. Focus on Projects:
Create a fun project that will tie in the geography of your state. For example, map the areas in which your ancestors lived, and seek out historical post cards from these cities and towns. Many can be found on sites such as Ebay for a small fee. Visit a local historical society to view their photograph collections. Do the post cards accurately depict what life was life, or do the photographs tell a different story?

2. Focus on Social History:
Social history focuses on the social groups and culture within a state, and how our ancestors reacted to it. If you aren?t looking forward to learning your state?s history, get excited about learning its social history! How did your family live? Where did they go to church? Did this religious group have annual meetings across the state, and if so, how would they travel to these meetings? What types of jobs were found in your family during different decades? Did relatives in different areas of the state have different jobs? What was life like for your ancestors during events such as the Depression or during the Civil War? Newspapers are a great source of this information (and it is fun to explore microfilm because it?s so different than the digital-age resources that our kids use online!)

3. Focus on the Field Trips:
Visit living history museums in the areas in which your family lived. Many will have guided tours often by local historians performing in character. These field trips can not only be entertaining, but they can be especially educational when paired with a project such as those listed above.

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Special Considerations: No Family Connection to the State

What if you don?t have a family connection to your state of residence? Consider adopting a family! Visit your local historical society to learn about family lines in your area. Or, search a historical county history at your local library. Choose a family that sounds interesting to your children. Perhaps you have a local inventor or artist in the area. By looking at their family?s connection to the state you can still study the area through the eyes of an individual.

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Building Your Family History Activity: Go on a Treasure Hunt!

We?ve talked about putting together your family tree and recording information on family group sheets. ?Where do you find the information that you?ll need to move forward with your project? Go on a treasure hunt around your home or that of your parents and grandparents. You?d be surprised what information you?ll find hiding in boxes or photo albums. Don?t just look for paper records such as marriage or death certificates. Information can be found in unlikely places. For example, I was given a small New Testament Bible that belonged to my second-great-grandmother. Inside she?s written both her married name and her maiden name. What a treasure! To get ideas on where to look, explore this free checklist.

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Are you on Pinterest?

You?ll find some great resources for you to use while you homeschool your family history on both the Homeschool Mosaics boards and my Corn and Cotton boards as well. We?d love to see you there!

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Coming in October 2012: Sharing and recording holiday traditions is a vital part of family history. With the holidays just around the corner, we?ll talk about some ways to have fun with your family and learn more about your roots this holiday season.

Source: http://homeschoolmosaics.com/homeschooling-your-familys-state-history/

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Prevent Fear From Wreaking Havoc On Your Dental Health: Visit A ...

When men and women discover blemishes on their face, the typical reaction would be to find a fast-acting solution that can help clear up the skin problem as quickly as possible. Because people face their colleagues, friends, and family members constantly, the value of having healthy and presentable skin is held in high regard; eliminating unsightly spots and discolorations are considered an important aspect of maintaining good hygiene and especially maintaining an admirable physical appearance that can result in positive social interactions.

When people experience pain or notice unsightly developments in their teeth, however, most are reluctant to find a solution right away. Oftentimes, people choose to believe that they can mask the pain or negative appearance in their mouths for a while longer, or that they can easily conceal and find relief from pain with some temporary remedies. The act of visiting a dentist is considered with hesitation primarily because of the painful encounters that are often associated with dental procedures. The problem with demonstrating this hesitation is that the dental problem is left to worsen the longer a visit to the dentist is delayed. If pain is a primary concern, for a patient, then the best move to make would be to consult a qualified sedation dentist. Clinics employ certified professionals who can provide a pain-free experience for patients experiencing different oral problems.

Sedation options in dental procedures typically refer to the administration of either nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas, or oral sedation substances such as Halcyon or Valium. There are also dentists certified to administer oral conscious sedation which combines nitrous oxide and oral medication; in special cases, an experienced anesthesiologist can be called in to administer IV sedation if necessary.

These options help fearful, stressed, and nervous patients become more comfortable during their dental procedures. This is a valuable development that can help many people think twice about avoiding visits to the dentist for fear of experiencing pain due to previous experiences, secondhand accounts from other people, or a variety of other reasons. Choosing to visit a sedation dentist means that there would no longer be any fear of undergoing a painful procedure with these sedation techniques offered to provide comfort.

Dental problems such as cavities, broken teeth, and fillings or enhancements that need to be replaced or repaired should not be ignored for prolonged periods of time; delaying dental care can result in worsened conditions and significant damage that can cause even more pain in the future. By opting to discuss treatments with a qualified sedation dentist patients can experience improved dental health and curb their fears of undergoing painful dental procedures at the same time.

Start facing your fears, and start taking good care of your teeth with Sedation Dentist Philadelphia.

Stop worrying, and start visiting to your Philadelphia Sedation Dentist, and have a great dental treatment.

Source: http://articles.submityourarticle.com/prevent-fear-from-wreaking-havoc-on-your-dental-health-visit-a-sedation-dentist-291574

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Do You Make These Mistakes In Marketing Your Small Business?

Posted on 02. Sep, 2012 by Allyson Galle in Blog, Small Business Internet Marketing, Small Business Marketing

Feel that chilly breeze? It?s a?coming. That?s right, my friends ? it?s September. Soon we?ll be trading our sundresses for sweaters and our iced teas for hot mulled cider. But there?s no need to be sad about summer?s passing. Just think of how beautiful the autumn leaves will look and how cleansing a fresh new season will be. (And, if you didn?t hear me before, there?s the hot mulled cider ? and pumpkin lattes!) As the seasons change, so do the headlines in marketing, so let?s check out the top five stories of the week!

The Internet vs. Facebook in 10 Years [Infographic], From Brian Solis

The latest from Brian Solis? blog is a story you can?t miss, about where we are now as a digital society. The progress we?ve made in the past ten years is extraordinary, and it encompasses a faster evolution of technology than the human race has ever previously experienced. But as fast as the internet has grown, Facebook has grown even faster ? and at a rate that?s truly astonishing. In the article, Solis drops mind-blowing statistical bombs like ?In 2011, Facebook was the size of the internet in 2004,? and ?Facebook users represent 12% of the world?s population.? Eager to learn more? Check out the full story here.

State of the Industry: Marketing Companies in the Inc. 500, From Marketing Pilgrim

The folks at Marketing Pilgrim took a look at the 57 companies that comprise the advertising and marketing sector of this year?s Inc. 500 list. The article uncovered some interesting insights about the companies that made the list, which included companies championing everything from infographic creation to search engine optimization to interactive advertising. A fact we found particularly interesting? No company in the top 15 (or top 97 of the entire list!) offers offline services as a main product. Ready to keep reading? Check out the full story here.

A 5-Step Plan to Improve Every Blog Article You Write, From Copyblogger

Here at HubSpot, we take blogging very seriously and hold ourselves to pretty high standards. The folks at Copyblogger took some thoughts right out of our heads with their article on improving blog posts. All the tips they offer are excellent, but our two favorites? ?Give extra value with examples and/or exercises? and ?include a call-to-action at the end of each post.? Examples are key to making your articles accessible and relatable for all of your readers? ? you can never be too thorough! And, of course, you know how much your inbound marketing relies on calls-to-action! Want to learn from the rest of Copyblogger?s tips? Check out the full story here.

Pinterest for Marketers: The Part You?re Not Understanding, From PR-Squared

SHIFT Communications employee Dave Levy posted this piece on Todd Defren?s blog, PR-Squared this week. ?Let?s talk about marketers, people who use Pinterest, and?how they all play together in the social media world. And, let?s use charts and numbers! Wait, come back.? We weren?t going anywhere, Dave ? that sounds awesome. And it is. There are some seriously fascinating charts in there, and some pretty in-depth analysis about Pinterest?s applicability to Facebook traffic. The end game presented in the article is that marketers should be using Pinterest to post content that can ultimately find its way to Facebook and influence users on both social networks. Ready to dive deeper into the charts and numbers? Check out the full story here.

Announcing HubSpot 3: The Future of Marketing Software

For our final story of the week, we?re pleased to feature HubSpot CEO Brian Halligan?s article on the HubSpot blog, which went live during his INBOUND 2012 keynote about HubSpot 3. It?s true: HubSpot has launched a set of powerful new and integrated marketing tools, which we believe will change marketing software forever. The articles highlights all of the new features customers will find in HubSpot 3, including social contacts, smart lists and segmentation, and more. Want to learn more? Check out the full story here.

Oh, and if you want to talk to someone about HubSpot 3, we?d love to hear from you.

What inbound marketing stories did you particularly enjoy this week? Share them in the comments!

Photo credit: Zest-pk

Make sure you pick up your copy of our FREE Business Acceleration Report! Simply enter your info on the form to the right and I'll send it right out! -->> Thanks for visiting!

Tags: Small Business Internet Marketing

Source: http://www.frontlinemarketingsystems.com/blog/small-business-marketing/the-internet-vs-facebook-in-10-years-and-other-marketing-stories-of-the-week/

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conception stogy: News and Society Blog-Energy: What Is GI-199 ...

ByMary B Kirkpatrick

On June 28, 1991, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issued Supplement 4 to Generic Letter (GL) 88-20, "Individual Plant Examination of External Events (IPEEE) for Severe Accident Vulnerabilities, 10 CFR 50.54(f)," and NUREG-1407, "Procedure and Submittal Guidance for the Individual Plant Examination of External Events (IPEEE) for Severe Accident Vulnerabilities." Specifically, the NRC requested that each licensee perform an IPEEE to identify and report to the NRC all plant-specific vulnerabilities to severe accidents caused by external events. The external events to be considered in the IPEEE included seismic events; internal fires; and high winds, floods, and other (HFO) external initiating events including accidents related to transportation or nearby facilities and plant-unique hazards.

Nuclear power plant licensees were required to conduct either a probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) to determine a point estimate of core damage frequency (and plant HCLPF) or to conduct a seismic margin assessment (SMA), which could be either deterministic or probabilistic. All of the currently operating U.S. nuclear power plants completed their assessments and submitted their analyses for NRC review.

Following the earthquake and tsunami that struck the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan on March 11, 2011, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) established a comprehensive set of new Requirements developed to ensure the safety of America's currently operating nuclear power plants.

Information gathered during safety risk assessments, mandated as part of the new requirements, would be used to determine whether or not the NRC would re-issue a power plant's operating license and also determine whether any currently operating plant was "at risk" or needed improvements or upgrades to its existing structures or systems.

The NRC addressed the comprehensive re-establishment of the design basis for existing plants. (See "Individual Plant Examination of External Events (lPEEE) for Severe Accident Vulnerabilities." Or NUREG/CR-4334 at http://www.sc-nuclear.com ). The document issued by the NRC that detailed the re-evaluation of the seismic, tsunami, flooding, and other external hazards that could impact the safe operation of plants and provides for the requirements for dealing with these issues is known as Generic Issue 199 (GI-199).

Nuclear utility operators and power plants are required to address the mandates specified in GI-199. Since many of the nation's nuclear power plants were built in the 1970's, when current computer software modeling and analysis of possible significant events (such as earthquakes and tsunamis) did not yet exist.
Decades ago, stick modeling was the only method to evaluate and perform structural and seismic risk assessments.

Soil-structure interaction (SSI) has a significant impact on nuclear power plant (NPP) structures, especially for massive and rigid structures found on soils, such as containments. Over the past several decades, the scientific and engineering communities have conducted extensive research on SSI and development analytical methods and software (such as SASSI) for adequately incorporating the SSI impact into the seismic design and analysis of structures. The NRC requires incorporation of the SSI effect in the seismic design and analyses of NPP structures. Today, many engineers and utility managers utilize SASSI or another technology to accurately compute seismic induced soil pressures on deeply embedded nuclear power plant structures, a frequent and critical factor in risk assessments and critical to meeting the mandates of GI-199. By utilizing the latest technologies, combined with the new Requirements created by GI-199, the NRC is making a strong effort to ensure that a "Fukushima" type event never happens on American soil.

SC Solutions is a highly recognized leader in the nuclear utility industry. SC solutions provides seismic risk assessments, SSI analysis, nuclear power plant walkdowns and complete modeling, analysis and consulting services. They have worked with the nation's largest NPP and utility operators. Located in Northern California with offices in Seattle, WA and Charlotte, NC, SC Solutions provides spot-on analysis and has created a Presentation geared for NPP personnel interested in addressing the GI-199. For information on this Presentation, or to receive our White Paper on GI-199, email Alex

Source: http://newsandsocietyblog-energy.blogspot.com/2012/08/what-is-gi-199-brief-look-at-fukushima.html

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Source: http://conception-stogy.blogspot.com/2012/09/news-and-society-blog-energy-what-is-gi.html

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